The teenage brain

Research has shown that most human brains take around 25 years to fully develop. This means that a teenager’s brain is going through some major constructions as they develop and fine tune important pathways and systems. Introducing alcohol, cannabis or vaping during this critical period of development can cause major damage and change the wiring of a teenager’s brain. It is important to note that there are no health benefits from consuming these substances as a teenager or as a adult. For this reason, national guidelines recommend that for under 18’s the safest choice is to delay drinking of alcohol for as long as possible. Vaping just like cigarette smoking should not be supported or encouraged at any point and no safe consumption limits have been established.

Why do teenagers try drinking, cannabis and vaping?

Reasons can differ, but the most common reasons are listed below. You will know your child best and can probably sense which of these is most applicable to your teenager.

Peer pressure

The desire to ‘fit in’ and social pressures from peers are often hard for teens to ignore. When it is someone in their peer group offering a drink, a hit on a vape or joint, simply saying ‘no’ is not always easy.

Prepare your teen for peer pressure by coming up with answers they feel comfortable saying in situations where they feel pressured. Helping your teenager identify a few good reasons why they don’t want to do something reduces the chances of peer pressure significantly.

Curiosity

Teens may begin experimenting with alcohol, cannabis, vapes simply because they want to know what it feels like. Curiosity and experimentation is a normal part of teenage behaviour and having discussion about the dangers of these substances can help to diminish their attractiveness.

However, sometimes these home remedies may not be sufficient and your teen should seek professional support to help them overcome anxiety and depression.

Coping

The teenage years are often highly emotional and overwhelming. Some teens may use alcohol, vapes or cannabis to cope with academic or social stress or to alleviate feelings of anxiety or depression. Healthier alternatives include maintaining a healthy diet, participating in regular physical activity, getting a good night’s sleep, practising mindfulness techniques and confiding in a close friend or adult.

Misinformation

As teens navigate their way through life, the influential environment (friends, social media, advertising) heavily influences their perceptions of alcohol, vaping and cannabis. Most teens overestimate how many other young people are drinking, smoking cannabis and vaping. They may also get misinformation from various sources such as media, tv shows or even their group of friends. Minimise the risk of misinformation by having a conversation and exploring your teenagers beliefs.

Fun

If a teen is bored they are more likely to consider alcohol, cannabis, vapes or even more dangerous substances. For example, alcohol give teens something to occupy their time with but it provides a social activity where they can interact and bond with their friends. Have your teen consider what else they could do for fun besides drinking. Most cities have a range of free activities, social groups and sporting clubs for teenagers to join.

Confidence

A major appeal of alcohol is its ability to give an otherwise shy or self-conscious teenager the confidence and courage to do things they would not normally be comfortable doing, such as dancing at a party or talking to someone else.

So how can you help your teen to find courage and confidence without alcohol?

• Be a role model when it comes to self-confidence
• Encourage your teen to try new things
• Teach your teen to develop healthy self-talk and positive mantras
• Praise and encourage your teens efforts and accomplishments

However, sometimes these home remedies may not be sufficient and your teen should seek professional support to help them overcome anxiety and depression.

Rebellion

Teenagers often like to push boundaries and may choose to drink, smoke cannabis or vape as a way to rebel against rules.

For confidence

A major appeal of alcohol is its ability to give an otherwise shy or self-conscious teenager the confidence and courage to do things they would not normally be comfortable doing, such as dancing at a party or talking to someone of the opposite sex.

So how can you help your teen to find courage and confidence without alcohol?

• Be a role model when it comes to self-confidence
• Encourage your teen to try new things
• Teach your teen to develop healthy self-talk and positive mantras
• Praise and encourage your teens efforts and accomplishments

Curiosity

Teens may begin experimenting with alcohol simply because they want to know what it feels like. Curiosity and experimentation is a normal part of teenage behaviour and having discussion about the dangers of alcohol can help to diminish its attractiveness.

Establishing family expectations>

Does your teen know what your attitude towards drinking, cannabis and vaping is? Do they know what you expect of their behaviour and what they in turn can expect of you as their parent? Are they clear on what the consequence of any misbehaviour is?

Developing and communicating clear family expectations with your teen is a good way to ensure that they know exactly how you feel about alcohol, cannabis and vaping – without any hinting or assuming.

The family agreement

Creating a family agreement with your teen is a great way to make your expectations clear. We all parent differently and what works for one family is not guaranteed to work for another. Take the ideas in the template provided and customise them to suit your individual teen and unique family environment. This is a word document and you can replace “alcohol” with “vaping” and “cannabis” or include all of them.

Involve your teen in a discussion around expectations and deciding on suitable rewards and/or consequences. You may choose to use the template as a written agreement or to simply guide verbal discussions and oral agreements around family expectations.

Talking to your teen

As a parent it is important to have open lines of communication with your child. Having high quality conversations with your teen not only strengthens family relationships but makes it easier for them to come to you in times of trouble. As your teen matures and is exposed to new and exciting experiences it is only natural for them to become curious about alcohol, vaping and cannabis and specific discussion around each of these substances are important.